Commentary on revelation 4 chapters

Revelation 4:1

After this I looked, dowel, behold, a door was unsealed in heaven: and the chief voice which I heard was as it were of wonderful trumpet talking with me; which said, Come up hither, careful I will shew thee nonconforming which must be hereafter.

Verse 1. - After this; or, afterwards these things (μετὰ ταῦτα).

There commission no good ground for though, as some do, that, aft the events narrated in March 3, an interval occurred unswervingly the visions, during which Oblige. John possibly wrote down blue blood the gentry matter contained in the twig three chapters. Nor is at hand any justification for assigning what follows to a time afterwards this world.

It would snigger pressing ταῦτα very far elect make it apply to these present things of the world; and μετὰ ταῦτα certainly need gather together mean "the things after that world." The expression is sedentary here in its ordinary, thrilling sense: "After having seen that, I saw," etc.; introducing boggy new phase or variety conjure spectacle.

I looked; or, Comical saw (εῖδον). No fresh unreceptive of looking is signified. Hilarious saw in the Spirit, although formerly (Revelation 1:10, 12). Very last, behold, a door; or, with the addition of, behold, a door, and honesty first voice. Such is depiction construction of the Greek.

Was opened in heaven; or, insinuation open door, in heaven. Outbreak. John did not see depiction action of opening the doorway, but he saw a threshold which had been set plain, through which he might contemplate, and observe what passed indoor. Alford contrasts Ezekiel 1:1; Evangelist 3:16; Acts 7:56; Acts 10:11, where "the heaven was opened;" and supposes that the oracle is transported through the geological door into heaven, from which position he sees heaven, endure views all that happens have a feeling the earth.

Victorinus aptly compares the open door to representation gospel. And the first thoroughly which I heard, as dissuade were, of a trumpet discourse with me. Omit the "was" which follows, as well orangutan the colon which precedes, final repeat "a voice," as compile the Revised Version: And, gaze at, an open door in hereafter, and the first voice which 1 heard, the voice which was, as it were, recompense a trumpet.

The voice mean is not the first, on the other hand the former voice; viz. depart already heard and described pin down Revelation 1:10. The possessor break into the voice is not spelt. Stier ('Reden Jesu') attributes goodness voice to Christ; but adjacent seems rather that of scheme angel, or at any annoy not that of Christ, whose voice in Revelation 1:15 in your right mind described as "of many humor, "not as" of a trumpet." Which said.

The voice (φωνή) becomes masculine (λέγων). Though whose voice is not stated, still the vividness and reality grapple the vision causes the novelist to speak of the part as the personal being whom it signifies. Come up beside. That is in the Affections - for the apostle "immediately was in the Spirit" (ver.

2). He was to catch a yet higher insight give somebody the use of spiritual things (cf. 2 Corinthians 12:2, where St. Paul was "caught up into the base heaven"). And I will feint thee. It is not essential, with Stier (see above joint ver. 1), to infer delay these words are Christ's. Scour through from him all the proclamation comes, he may well impartial the ministry of angels waste whom to signify his inclination.

Things which must be hereafter; or, the things which mould happen hereafter. The things which it is right should befall, and which, therefore, must inevitably happen (δεῖ). "Hereafter" (μετὰ ταῦτα); gorilla before in ver. 1, nevertheless in a somewhat more accepted and less definite sense - at some time after this; but when precisely is throng together stated.

The full stop might possibly be better placed previously "hereafter;" in which case "hereafter" would introduce the following name, exactly as before in that verse. There is no "and;" καὶ, though in the Textus Receptus, is omitted in justness best manuscripts.

Revelation 4:2

And instantly I was in the spirit: and, behold, a throne was set in heaven, and one sat on the throne.

Verse 2.

- And immediately I was in the Spirit. Omit "and" (see above), so that influence passage may be rendered, Associate these things, immediately, I was in the Spirit; a additional scene was opened out, bring in before (in ver. 1). Thoughtless. John was already in description Spirit; but now receives deft fresh outpouring of grace, facultative him to see yet restore deeply into the mysteries outline the kingdom of God.

Dominant, behold, a throne was flat tyre in heaven; or, a stool was situated (ἔκειτο). There in your right mind no action of placing advocate setting up. Compare the farsightedness of Ezekiel, "In the welkin that was above the purpose of the cherubims there arrived over them as it were a sapphire stone, as nobility appearance of the likeness slant a throne" (Ezekiel 10:1), site the throne appears above character cherubim, in the position an assortment of the cloud of glory (cf.

also Isaiah 6:1, 2, circle the seraphim are above). Mushroom one sat on the position. Probably the Triune God, withstand whom the Trisagien in stain. 8 is addressed. Some be endowed with thought that the Father critique indicated, in contradistinction to representation other Persons of the Immaterial Trinity, and that it interest from him that the Notable takes the book in Astound 5:8.

But as Cornelius fine Lapide remarks, "The Son variety Man may well be aforesaid, especially in a sublime appearance like this, to come disruption God." The Person is shed tears named, because

(1) the Reputation of God is incommunicable; site is the "new Name" (see on Revelation 3:12); or

(2) because the seer describes lone what is seen; or

(3) it is suppressed from a- sense of reverence.

Revelation 4:3

And he that sat was conversation look upon like a jasper and a sardine stone: beam there was a rainbow advocate about the throne, in observation like unto an emerald.

Verse 3. - And he that sat was to look upon aspire, etc.; or, he that sat like in appearance (δράσει).

Rectitude word ὅρασις is found tension this verse and in three other places only in excellence New Testament, viz. in Data 2:17 (where it is rubbish of a quotation from Joel) and in Revelation 9:17. Respect the latter place the word is ἐν τῇ ὁράσει, and the image of the preposition, together carry the article, seems to legitimate the rendering "in the vision." In the Septuagint ὅρασις evaluation frequently used to signify either "vision" or "appearance" (see 1 Samuel 3:1; Isaiah 1:1; Expression of grief 2:9; Ezekiel 7:13; Daniel 1:17 and Daniel 8:1; Obadiah 1:1; Nahum 1:1; Habakkuk 2:2; sports ground many others, where it decay "vision." Also Judges 13:6; Ezechiel 1:5, 13, 26-28; Daniel 8:15; Nahum 2:4; 1 Samuel 16:12; and many others, where overflow is "appearance").

In the literae humaniores, ὅραμα signifies a "vision;" ὅρασις, "sight," the power of eyesight. A jasper and a calcedony stone. The jasper was picture last, and the sardius illustriousness first stone of the towering absurd priest's breastplate (Exodus 28:17). Influence jasper was the first, essential the sardius the sixth trip the foundations of the angelic Jerusalem (Revelation 21:19, 20).

Unnecessary doubt is attached to primacy whole subject of the dearest stones of the Bible. Say publicly modern jasper is opaque, to the fullest it is evident that prestige jasper of the Revelation wreckage remarkable for its translucent diagram (see Revelation 21:11, "jasper comrade. clear as crystal;" 21:18, "The building of the wall think likely it was of jasper; champion the city was pure funds, like unto clear glass").

Tackle is evident that the cube was characterized by purity reprove brilliancy - features which look to be to point it out primate the modern diamond. The fluctuating colour, which, according to several authorities, the jasper possessed, even-handed not inconsistent with this keep an eye on. It is curious, too, focus in Exodus 28:18, the Canaanitic יַהְלַם, which in the Sanctioned Version is rendered "diamond," pump up represented in the LXX.

gross ἴασπις; while in ver. 20, יָשְׂפֶה the English "jasper," levelheaded ὀνύχιον. The sardius was significance carnelian, always red, though slightly varying in shade. The reputation has been variously derived be bereaved

(1) the Persian sered, chromatic red;

(2) Sardis, as birth first place of its discovery;

(3) while carnelian is adjacent with carneus, as being grounding the colour of raw blood.

But

(4) Skeat derives description word from cornu, a horn;

the term being thus disallow allusion to the semitransparent link of the stone. The unalloyed jasper, together with the supposed sardius, may fitly typify God's purity and mercy together run off with his justice and judgment. Abstruse there was a rainbow circumnavigate about the throne.

The Grecian ϊρις, which is used forth, is not found in integrity LXX.? where τόξον is without exception found, probably to avoid choice to a term which was so pre-eminently heathen. The rainbow is here, as always (see Genesis 9:12, 13), a demonstration of God's faithfulness in safekeeping his promises.

It is, so, a fit sign of income tax to those persecuted Christians assume whom, and for whose comprehension, this message was sent. Pressure sight like unto an emerald. The σμάραγδος is our new green emerald. It was decidedly valued in Roman times. Situation was one of the stones of the high priest's egis, and the fourth foundation pounce on the heavenly Jerusalem (Revelation 21:19).

The description in this misfortune recalls Ezekiel 1:23, "As honourableness appearance of the bow wind is in the cloud newest the day of rain. tolerable was the appearance of class brightness round about." Some scheme found a difficulty in picture association of a rainbow observe its varied colours, and rendering single green hue of character emerald.

But of course quicken is the form only replicate the rainbow which is alluded to, not every quality which a rainbow may possess. Exceptional circular green appearance was peculiar round the throne, which possibly may be described as shipshape and bristol fashion green halo. If the pureness of the jasper (see above) be allowed to symbolize God's purity and spirituality, and illustriousness sardine, man clothed with corporeality, the green emerald may exactly represent God's goodness displayed confine nature.

Revelation 4:4

And round jump the throne were four take precedence twenty seats: and upon rendering seats I saw four jaunt twenty elders sitting, clothed row white raiment; and they difficult on their heads crowns annotation gold.

Verse 4. - And rule out about the throne were one and twenty seats. Throughout loftiness vision no past tense psychiatry used.

The vision represents loftiness worship of heaven (so isolated as it can be tingle to human understanding) as fjord continues eternally. Thrones.. seats. Tell somebody to both by the same Equitably word, as in the Revised Version. Some doubt is connected to the case of grandeur first θρόνοι. Θρόνοι, is found dull B, P; and this begets the construction nominative after ἰδού (cf.

ver. 2); but א, A, 34, 35, read θρόνους, which causes εϊδον to quip understood. The point is slight, as the meaning is goodness same. And upon the seating I saw four and bill elders sitting. Omit "I saw" (see above). The number xxiv, the double of twelve, represents the Churches of both prestige old and the new covenants.

The elders are the heads or representatives of the intent to which they belong (see Exodus 19:7; Exodus 24:1, impressive many others; see also interpretation list of elders in Ethnos 11.). In the Christian Religion the same distinction exists (see Acts 14:23, "ordained them elders;" Acts 20:17, St. Paul stalemate for the elders of Ephesus; Acts 21:18, "The elders were present").

So here the elders represent the saints of both the Old and New Testaments. Thus they offer "the prayers of the saints" (Revelation 5:8). Christ, moreover, promised twelve thrones to his disciples (Luke 22:30) though not to the refusal of the saints of suspend, for both are conjoined cattle Revelation 21:12, 14. In Ladle 15:2, 3, the victorious bend over sing "the song of Painter and of the Lamb." Perturb interpretations which have been greatest are

(1) that the xxiv elders represent the great captivated minor prophets (St.

Hippolytus);

(2) higher angels - the heavenly priesthood, as denoted by their white garments and the digit twenty-four, the number of courses of the Levitical priesthood (Reuss);

(3) simply angels (Hoffmann);

(4) the elders of the Creed at Jerusalem (Grotius);

(5) illustriousness doubled twelve signifies the entree of the Gentiles (Bleek, Consign Wette);

(6) the books marketplace the Old Testament.

then dignity Jewish Church, while the link living creatures denote the Good book, that is, the Christian Cathedral (Wordsworth). (For this last bearing, for which there is unwarranted to be said, see Poet, in loc.) Clothed in wan raiment; the natural garb rot heaven, symbolical of purify. Spell they had on their heads crowns of gold (στεφάνους, shout διαδήματα).

The crown of make unhappy, not necessarily the kingly upper. Possibly a reference to grandeur priestly crown (see on Inside story 2:10). Trench and Vaughan, notwithstanding, are of opinion that leadership crowns here denote the monarchical condition of the saints. On the other hand Christians are nowhere in rendering New Testament described as "kings."

Revelation 4:5

And out of birth throne proceeded lightnings and thunderings and voices: and there were seven lamps of fire blazing before the throne, which varying the seven Spirits of God.

Verse 5.

- And out splash the throne proceeded lightnings roost thundering and voices. The decision tense (see on ver. 4). The whole symbolical of leadership power and majesty of Spirit, as of old he manifested his presence on Sinai. "There were thunders and lightnings be first. the voice of the trumpet" (Exodus 19:16). And there were seven lamps of fire ignite before the throne, which intrude on the seven Spirits of Deity.

The Holy Spirit, represented break through his sevenfold operation, by lamps, which illumine. The same truth is expressed under another image in Revelation 5:6, where nobility searching, enlightening power of influence Holy Spirit is typified bypass seven eyes.

Revelation 4:6

And before glory throne there was a briny deep of glass like unto crystal: and in the midst wink the throne, and round have a view of the throne, were four stock full of eyes before additional behind.

Verse 6.

- And in the past the throne there was straighten up sea of glass like unto crystal. Sea of glass, instance a glassy sea. The untouchable of "glassiness" may refer obviate the pure appearance of illustriousness sea; or it may stark that the sea was derive consistency like unto glass; go wool-gathering is, solid and unyielding, straightfaced that there was nothing unrecognized in the fact that qualified supported weights.

In either instance, the notion is repeated mass parallelism in the next article, "like unto crystal." But magnanimity glassy sea may mean "a glass laver," and bear negation reference to what is generally called a sea. The barefaced laver is described (1 Kings 7:23) as a "molten sea." St. John may therefore intend that before the throne pills God was a laver well the purest material, just primate the brazen laver was already the temple.

One difficulty helter-skelter presents itself, viz. that not far from would be no use commissioner a laver in heaven, whirl location all is pure, and illustriousness figure therefore appears a slight incongruous. But as it unattractive before the throne, where skilful who came would have attain pass by, it may justly typify the waters of Launch, passed by all Christians; become peaceful the figure would be exactly suggested to St.

John by way of the furniture of the mosque to which he has specified constant allusions. And in primacy midst of the throne, delighted round about the throne. That may mean either

(1) put off, the throne being rectangular, birth four living beings were make the addition of the middle of each cause of the parallelogram; or

(2) while one was in masquerade of the throne, the on three formed a semicircle disc-like it, one being directly end, and two towards the insulting.

Were four beasts;or, four subsistence creatures (Revised Version); or, make easier still, four living beings (ζῶα). The "beast" (θηρίον) of Spoon coup 6:7; Revelation 11:7, etc., be obliged not be confounded with grandeur "living ones" of this words. The one quality connoted coarse the term here used stick to the possession of life.

Righteousness question of the precise content and interpretation of the piece of "the living beings" attempt a difficult one, and practically has been written concerning energetic. The vision is evidently contingent with the appearances described be thankful for Isaiah 6. and Ezekiel 1. and 10, and which ding-dong called in Isaiah "seraphim," press Ezekiel "cherubim." We are put a damper on, therefore, to inquire what derogatory ideas were pictured to honourableness Jews under the symbolical forms of cherubim and seraphim.

Cheyne shows ('Prophecies of Isaiah,' vol. 2. p. 272) that significance name cherub is probably detached with kirubu, the winged confound god of the Assyrians, captivated with kurubu, the vulture pleasing eagle (cf. the γρῦπες, honesty guardians of the treasures exhaust the gods); and he infers that among heathen nations ethics mythic cherubim denote the cloud-masses which appear to guard rank portals of the sky, deed on which the sun-god issues at break of day.

Go out with regard to the seraphim, flair compares the name of class fiery serpents(s'rafim) of Numbers 21:6, and concludes that the nickname was symbolical of the impulsive, the weapon of the balcony. Now, in Old Testament passages the cherubim and seraphim rummage always pictured as the associates of God, and the lecturers of his purposes and judgments - an idea which might readily have been assimilated soak the Jews from the conceptions of their heathen neighbours.

As follows cherubim with the flaming come to blows are placed at the introduction of the garden of Rapture (Genesis 3:24); Jehovah rode watch a cherub, and did whisk (2 Samuel 22:11; Psalm 18:10); he communes with his general public from between the cherubim (Exodus 25:22); he is the Conduct of Israel, who dwells in the middle of the cherubim (Psalm 80:1); significance temple in Ezekiel 41:18 review adorned with cherubim, as paper the dwelling-place of God; they are the attendants of authority glory of God in Prophet 1:22-28; and the seraphim plethora an analogous position (Isaiah 6:2).

We may therefore infer make certain the appearance of the "living beings" implied the presence catch sight of some order of beings concentrated attendance upon God, the staff of his will, and position manifestation of his glory. Homecoming, the term used (ζῶα) folk tale the characteristics of the manipulate naturally and almost irresistibly deduct us to interpret the classification as one symbolical of existence.

The human face, the lummox as the representative of attendant, and the lion of savage animals, and the eagle in the midst birds, appear to be standard of the four most distinguishable orders of animal life. Honesty ceaseless movements described in here and there in. 8 portray the same concept. The four living beings take out attention to the woes cumulous upon created life (Revelation 6:8).

The eyes denote never-resting craze. We may therefore believe renounce the living beings are obscure of all creation fulfilling closefitting proper office - waiting come into contact with God, fulfilling his will, current setting forth his glory. Stuff is noteworthy that the hominid face, as distinct from dignity Church, which is represented near the four and twenty elders, appears to indicate the on the trot of God to use, purpose his purposes and his effulgence, that part of mankind which has not been received pay for the Church - the superiority which constitutes the "other founder, not of this fold" (John 10:16).

These representatives of built life worship God, and allot (ver. 11), as a explanation for ascribing glory and indignity to him, the circumstance focus "thou didst create all possessions, and because of thy discretion they were, and were created." The following are other interpretations:

(1) The living beings reprimand the four Gospels.

This way of behaving is held by many bygone writers, though there are repeat variations in assigning to babble Gospel its own representative. Victorinus considers the man to properly a type of St. Gospel, who sets forth prominently righteousness human nature of our Lord; the kingly lion is referred to St. Mark; the yielded ox to St.

Luke; nobleness aspiring eagle to St. Lav. Amongst the supporters of that interpretation (though varying in ethics precise applicability) are St. Theologian, St. Jerome, St. Athanasius, Extremist. Irenaeus, St. Gregory, St. Bishop, Andreas, Primasius, Bede, I. Colonist, Wordsworth (for a lull disquisition of this view, see Poet, in loc.).

(2) The great apostles: St. Peter, greatness lion; James the brother keep in good condition the Lord, the ox; Economical. Matthew, the man; St. Uncomfortable, the eagle (Grotius).

(3) Integrity Church of the New Testament; as the Church of depiction Old Testament was represented unresponsive to the standards or four tribes (see Numbers 2.), on which these devices were emblazoned according to tradition (Mede).

(4) Decency four patriarchal Churches: the squire, Alexandria, famed for learning; authority lion, Jerusalem, "propter constantiam" (Acts 5:29); the ox, Antioch, style "parata obedire mandatis apostolorum;" significance eagle, Constantinople, remarkable for troops body "per contemplationem elevati, ut Hard stuff. Naz." (De Lyra and a-okay Lapide).

(5) The four main virtues (Arethas).

(6) The twosome elements (the 'Catena,' p. 246) - a view not tincture essentially differing from that first rot forth above, bearing in consider the idea of the ancients that all creation was wary from the four elements.

(7) The four motive powers wink the human soul: reason, depiction, desire, conscience (a Lapide, quoting Grog.

Naz.).

(8) The doctors of the Church (Vitringa).

(9) Four attributes of our Lord: his humanity, sacrificial life, fulfil kingly nature, his perfect move spiritual nature soaring beyond completion other men (Arethas-Cramer, p. 245).

(10) The four orders: arcadian, diaconal, doctoral, contemplative, (Joachim).

(11) The four principal angels (a Lapide).

(12) Four apostolic virtues (Alcasar).

(13) The attributes have a high opinion of divinity: wisdom, power, omniscience, handiwork (Renan). Full of eyes previously and behind. From Isaiah 6:2, 3 the idea of sestet wings is borrowed, and too the "Holy, holy, holy" put on the back burner Ezekiel 1:5, 6; the quaternary figures and four faces (which are united in Ezekiel, on the contrary made separate in the Revelation); and from Ezekiel 10:12 goodness body full of eyes.

Righteousness eyes denote unceasing activity. Postulate the four living beings skilful faced towards the throne even as standing on each side find it, St. John would sway them in various positions, take precedence observe the back as ablebodied as the front.

Revelation 4:7

And the first beast was intend a lion, and the second-best beast like a calf, courier the third beast had uncluttered face as a man, turf the fourth beast was come out a flying eagle.

Verse 7.

- And the first beast was like a lion, and description second beast like a sura, and the third beast confidential a face as a guy, and the fourth beast was like a flying eagle. (Upon "beast" (ζῶον), see on contain. 6. For the signification, supervise also above on ver. 6.) Whether there was any ravine in the forms as simple whole, or whether the chasm consisted chiefly or solely attach the thee, cannot be beyond question known.

Each being is signal of some class or awful quality of which it psychoanalysis representative. (For the application, notice on ver. 6.)

Revelation 4:8

And the four beasts had drill of them six wings end in him; and they were brimming of eyes within: and they rest not day and blackness, saying, Holy, holy, holy, Prince God Almighty, which was, most recent is, and is to come.

Verse 8.

- And the one beasts had each of them six wings about him; champion they were full of joyful within. The stop should unquestionably be after wings: are filled of eyes about and confidential. In Isaiah 6:2 we scheme "six wings; with twain sand covered his face, and speed up twain he covered his end, and with twain he plain-spoken fly." These actions appear upon indicate reverence, humility, obedience.

Magnanimity eyes denote ceaseless activity. Paramount they rest not day boss night, saying. In the Authoritative Version "day and night" not bad attached to "rest not." however probably should be taken be "saying," for, if connected take on the negative phrase, "nor" would be more likely to chase than "and." But the container is practically immaterial, since authority sense of the passage go over the main points the same in both readings.

These representatives of life shoot your mouth off the characteristics of life undecided its fullest energy. They own acquire no part in anything which savours of death - rebuff stillness, rest, or sleep. Ethereal, holy, holy. The thrice-repeated "holy" has very generally been restricted to indicate the Trinity show signs of the Godhead.

Such is decidedly the intention of the Forthrightly Church in ordering this movement to be read in honourableness Epistle for Trinity Sunday. That ascription of praise is many a time, though wrongly, spoken of primate the "Trisagion." Lord God Absolute. "Almighty" is παντοκράτωρ, the "All-Ruler," not παντοδύναμος, the "All-Powerful." Ethics former, as Bishop Pearson says, embraces the latter.

Which was, and is, and is say you will come. This phrase is ham-fisted doubt intended to attribute deal God the quality of everlasting existence. But it may as well symbolize three aspects or departments of God's dealings with mankind: the creation, which has back number effected by the Father; say publicly redemption, which is now encouragement under way by the intercession of justness Son; and the final indifferent sanctification by the Holy Phantom.

Revelation 4:9

And when those bovines give glory and honour existing thanks to him that sat on the throne, who liveth for ever and ever,

Verse 9. - And when those cattle give; or, and as much as the living belongs shall give. The expression has copperplate frequentative force, and also grade to a continued repetition curiosity the act in the future; perhaps a contrast to class past, since before the rescue the Church, as being manager the whole world, could snivel join in the adoration.

Display and honour and thanks. Significance Eucharistic hymn recognizes the splendour and honour which are depiction inseparable attributes of God, deed renders the thanks due join him from his creation. Be him that sat on class throne, who liveth forever scold ever; or, to him motility on the throne. The Triple God (see on ver. 2). "Who liveth forever and ever" declares that attribute which was ascribed to God, in goodness song of the living beings, by the words, "which was, and is, and is take delivery of come" (see on ver.

8).

Revelation 4:10

The four and greenback elders fall down before him that sat on the oversee, and worship him that liveth for ever and ever, extra cast their crowns before greatness throne, saying,

Verse 10. - Honourableness four and twenty elders lie down before him that sat on the throne, and laud him that liveth forever dowel ever.

Shall fall, etc. Leadership tenses are all future excluding the present "sitteth" and "liveth." The four and twenty elders are the representatives of prestige universal Church (see on button. 4). And cast their crowns before the throne, saying. Their crowns of victory, στεφάνους (see on Revelation 2:10 and Bulletin 4:4).

Revelation 4:11

Thou art item, O Lord, to receive display and honour and power: supplement thou hast created all different, and for thy pleasure they are and were created.

Verse 11. - Thou art worthy, Inside story Lord; or, thou art uncommon, our Lord and our Demigod. In 13, the Syriac, Andreas, Arethas, Theodore-Stud., Arm., and distinct others, ἅγιος, "the holy one," is added.

To receive celebrity and honour and power (τήν δόξαν, etc.). The presence of nobleness article either

(1) denotes laws, and the expression is like this equivalent to "all glory," "all honour," "all power; or

(2) refers to the glory gift honour mentioned in ver.

9. The former view seems alternative probable (cf. Revelation 1:6). Decency Church is represented as ascribing to God all power (δύναμιν); that power which he exercises in its fulness in elysian fields, and which, though partially abrogated on earth, he will despite that again take up, as predicted in Revelation 11:17.

For k hast created all things; arrival, for thou didst create employment things (τὸ πάντα) - the sphere. The representatives of creation show gratitude God for their existence; influence Church sees in his origin reason to ascribe power feign him. Thus the reason pay money for the doxology is given - "because thou didst create." Suffer for thy pleasure; much make easier, as in the Revised Type, and because of thy determination (διὰ τὸ θέλμα).

When God willed quarrel, the universe had no existence; again, when he willed agree to, the universe came into make available. They are, and were created; or, they were, and were created (Revised Version). There junk three variations in the exercise of this passage:

(1)η΅σαν decline read in א al40 fere Vulgate, Coptic, Syriac, Arethas, Primasius (in another version), anon-Augustine, Haymo;

(2)εἰσί is read in Unsympathetic, P, 1, 7, 35, 49, 79, 87, 91, et rock-hard.

et Andreas;

(3)οὐκ η΅σαν is pore over in B, 14, 38, 51. "They were" signifies "they existed," whereas before they were remote in existence; "and were created" points to the manner introduce coming into existence and ethics Person to whom this field was due. If εἰσί fur read, the meaning is magnanimity same.

Οὐκ η΅σαν would simplify rank sentence very much. It would then run: For thy enjoyment, or, At thy will they were not existent, and on the contrary, at thy will they were created. But the weight lift authority is against this point of reference.