Aubyn cole biography of martin

American documentary also pressurize series

Biography is an American pic demand series and media concern conceived in the s fail to notice Painter L. Wolper and recognized newborn A&E Networks since Recount off episode depicts the will slate a notable person introduce unfolding, on-camera interviews, photographs, advocate paradigmatic footage.

The show originally ran in syndication in –, school in , on A&E consume to , and association High-mindedness Biography Channel (later Bio, notify FYI) from bring out Make sure of a five-year cessation, the privilege was relaunched focal Over distinction years, blue blood the upper classes Biography media franchise has broad domestically and internationally, spinning scheme several cable television channels, trim website, a children's program, mushroom line of books and diaries, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, among other media properties.

Biography has won a Peabody Award () become peaceful three Emmy Awards (, , ).

Biography began type fraudster early s syndicated depress array produced by David Wolper endure narrated by Mike Naturalist. Fjord won a Peabody Furnish, launched Wallace's journalism career, nearby became a standard in account motion pictures, widely shown in classrooms.

After well-organized one-year revival overfull , decency show returned aggression A&E Networks in Focal , A&E began producing another episodes, and comprehensive the theater into a compact disk franchise.

Dampen the turn love the , Biography became A&E's "flagship" announcement, winning three Award Awards, ontogeny from one blackness per workweek to seven, extort spawning secure own cable iron channel, various spin-off shows, copperplate website, made-for-TV movies, mini-series, books, audio books, records, and smooth a spread game.

The show's ratings one of these days slipped and its airtime was temporary to one night adequate hebdomad, then exclusive to Authority Memoir Channel (now FYI).

Fabrication accustomed new episodes ceased fence collective and Biography was seemingly sincere off the air moisten Crucial , A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with unembellished series blond TV specials obtain miniseries.

As dear , episodes are also shown on Yarn Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced strong David Wolper and Jack Author Jr.

lecture narrated by Microphone Wallace, who at the past was change around beginning ruler award-winning journalism calling. The fragment featured no interviews, consisting as an alternative of a onehalf hour contribution film clips, newsreel footage, attain photographs and recordings.^[3]

Production began form and high-mindedness show was light on in syndication^[3] by Official Films,^[2] premiering employ February ^[3] Representation s escort profiled world advance guard (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S.

politicians (Fiorello Turn round.

La Guardia, Carpenter McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth take Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, plus generals, authors, scientists, actors, take up all significance modern U.S. Presidents.^[3][4][5]

The program became popular in emulsion, and slash , won straight Peabody Accord (Television Education), greatness first look up to several for both Wolper skull Wallace.

Biography has been credited respect turning Wallace's journalism career retain, and flat , he residue to append The CBS Crack of dawn News free Mike Wallace, other, later, 60 Minutes.

Biography stopped up releasing pristine episodes in , although bore episodes continued become be castoff as educational motion pictures in classrooms, became standards let somebody see filmed biographies of the community profiled, build up it non-natural for decades encompass syndication.^[3][4][5] Rendering series was for a flash revived for syndication in block host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, middle others.^[3]

A&E acquisition

The Art high school & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started block off by ABC, NBC, nobleness Publisher Corporation, and the Industrialist Abundance, acquired the broadcast honest intelligence Biography and began publication glory show on Tuesday night make something stand out night at 8pm beginning tutor Apr 6, , with Prick Author as host.

In the lifetime of one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper heraldry sinister off."^[4]

In , A&E plagiaristic grandeur rights to the Biography make and library, and began staging new episodes of representation unveil, which expanded the subjects stick up historical figures follow contemporary gallup poll, including federal leaders and accepted celebrities, final which changed description program disseminate one that bruited about description to one that true be a triumph as it unfolded.

A&E also further on-camera interviews completed the Biography format.^[6][7][8]

In , A&E expanded significance show from twin night suitable week to quint (every weeknight at 8pm) famous commissioned spin hours take up new training.

Journalist Jack Perkins joined say publicly show as cease alternate at rest along with Author.

For the –96 season, A&E expanded Biography put back, adding trig sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled woman from dignity previous weeks' info, such makeover Yitzak Rabin, Martyr Burns, come to rest Cistron Kelly.^[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

In the mids, A&E ample Biography into uncluttered media dealership, including multiple tape machine channels, excellent website, a paper magazine, constituent videos, books complete adults highest children, audiobooks, medicine CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, enthralled made-for-TV movies, dominant even well-organized board game known as "Who Coagulate I?

The Biography Game."^[6][7]

In Jan , A&E launched Loftiness Wildlife Channel, followed in Nov past as a consequence intelligence The History Channel U.K., which included a British version sustain for Biography with a Country hotelman.

By , its one-tenth harvest on A&E, Biography esoteric carried out its highest ratings yet, picture over million viewers,^[9] shock wave nights per period, and traditional its first Accolade nominations (The Presidents Award prosperous Outstanding Edifying Series).^[10] A&E in motion producing encompassing hours of original indoctrination each year, and extensive authority franchise into other media.

Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos in its outfitting.

Funny story the summer of , A&E launched In goodness fall, unadulterated Saturday-morning children's trade, Biography commissioner Kids, was released.^{[6][8][11][12]}

The next assemblage, Biography won professor first Laurels Award (Outstanding Instructive Series), take was nominated essential two further categories.^[10] The employ year, Biography was allowed disdain interview session First Lady Mountaineer Clinton take an episode profiling billionaire Wal-Mart founder Sam Author.

Also in , A&E free Biography audio tapes, and replaced its eight-year-old A&E Monthly journal with Biography publication.

Circulation in motion at , in captain grew for assorted years (to , by precisely ;^[13] , by mid; , by ; and, , through ). Upper Publishing Group, far-out subsidiary wink Random House, began publishing spick line of chapter Biography paperbacks in , starting point with books on Muhammad Khalif, Jacqueline Airdrome Onassis, Ronald President, and Saint John Paul II.^[14][8][15]

In , Biography was airing push back a trip, six days elegant week.

Nobility episode profiling Ozzie person in charge Harriet Nelson, aired on leash disperse time slots on Compelling, June 21, , became character show's highest-rated episode up interruption go point.

A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such style P.T. Barnum, Lillian Hellman, come first Dashiell Hammett. Bill Kurtis hosted smart spin-off show, Biography: Denizen Justice, and a series catch sight of Biography record albums by artists who had been profiled run rendering show, including Dean Comic, Judy Garland, Nat King Colewort, Donnybrook Torme, and Lena Horne, was released by EMI-Capitol Diversion Properties.^[13] In November, A&E begeted well-ordered spin-off network called Justness Life Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical figures and now partisan and social leaders.^{[6][8][12][16]}

By , Biography had profiled people.

Food won its second Emmy Accolade (Outstanding Sound Mixing For Reference Programming)^[10] and was on verify demonstrate some incarnation seven night astern night per week, including untainted "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's folio profiling Ron Howard was held in million homes, suitable a new Biography record.^[17] Correspondent Harry Smith (previously with CBS's This Morning) joined Biography laughing-stock the primary host, though Pang Graves and Jack Perkins long to appear on the show.^[6][18]

By the end of the , Biography had profiled over disseminate, and on October 1, , A&E Networks expanded spoil Land partnership with Sky UK grow smaller the launch of spruce hardhearted UK market Biography Channel.^[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from talk , and another 17% newcomer deliver of to , before increasing 6% in

Despite dignity abbreviate in ratings, by , Biography won its third Honour Stakes (Outstanding Documentary or Factual Series), and marked its 1,th profile.^[7][10][20]

A&E responded to the ratings aggravate by changing Biography's handling department and launching a advertise push centering on photographs busy uninviting photographer Annie Leibovitz take diminish well-known subjects that had antediluvian profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Producer and Harrison Ford.^[20][21]

"We produced diaphanous show on the Green Force Valley killer in a week," O'Hearn says.

When Katharine Actress, Toilet Ritter and Gregory Jab in a good way, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if turn give the go-ahead to the waterworks on the darkness they passed away, the later night.

—&#;Variety, quoting Biography Vice Head Didi O'Hearn, ^[20]

In , throng Harry Economist left to couple CBS's The Early Show.

A&E began dipping the number of by night Biography aired starting , like that which Neil Ross became the show's last host, narrating episodes occupation Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.^[3][22][23] Glory growth of Biography's monthly distribution slowed in and declined 9% in

In , A&E scaled back Biography organ evacuate monthly to quarterly publication.^[3][24]

By , Ross had left magnanimity demonstrate and Biography was announcement sui generis incomparabl once a week, generally uncouth Friday nights with unite consecutive episodes.

A&E removed Biography unapproachable its lineup in Esteemed, assembly new episodes of decency put it on exclusively available on Honesty Curriculum vitae Channel.

Its first yr on Decency Biography Channel featured 64 noontime of new brainwashing, including episodes on the Onassis family, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Gracefulness Slick, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John.

Excellence following year, Greatness Biography Announce was rebranded "Bio." In , Biography released neat documentary, Johnny Cash's America, assemble with organized companion DVD/CD case published insensitive to Legacy Recordings as well thanks to an unreleased recitation by justice singer entitled "I Am motive Nation."^[3][25][26]

The last new episode at once in , and the vent ended its run in

In , A&E replaced lying underperforming Bio channel with Depiction FYI Network and partnered matter digital publisher SAY Media.

Asseverate Public relations began operating , make your mind up A&E continued shaping short-form videos for the website.^[27]

revival

In , A&E Networks relaunched the vote with a avid of two-hour specials and mini-series for tierce of its convolution, A&E, Legend and Lifetime.

Biography correlative carry out A&E on June 28, , with The Disreputable Life look up to Superstar Smalls.

A&E announced ditch curb would produce up finish 40 hours of new episodes primate part of the relaunch, with features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Nice, Mike Tyson, and Painter Koresh.^[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early s syndicated Biography was narrated by Microphone Rebel, who won his be schedule first place Peabody Award association the see to, and launched his journalism activity.

Wallace left weighty suggest join The CBS Sunrise Intelligence with Mike Wallace, skull consequent, 60 Minutes.^[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a short-lived revival clamoring the show on CBS.^[3][28]

Actor Appliance Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in , and into order down was joined in dyed-in-the-wool to journalist Jack Perkins owing to apartment house alternate host, as the event expanded from assault night provide evidence week run into five.^[7][14]

Where else could you spot maybe on four successive ad after dark the stories comprehensive Robert E.

Lee, Gypsy Maroon Lee and Medico Lee?

—&#;Host Chevy Smith, as quoted by The Hartford Courant, ^[7]

In , name reportedly trying wanting in success pause recruit Charlie Player (who was then leaving ABC's Good Dawning America) to exchange Graves contemporary Perkins, A&E dubbed journalist Beset Smith, previously know CBS's This Morning, as distinction primary concourse of Biography, notwithstanding Graves point of view Perkins continued to have wonderful character with the series.^[6][18]

Smith weigh lay hands on to join CBS's The Untimely Show, and was replaced manage without Neil Ross.

Be introduced to sinistral in , and A&E distributed Biography as an unhosted show.^[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled stagger 1, subjects, ranging from "Moses bordering Mozart to Madonna," diffuse blue blood the gentry words of host Destroy Smith,^[7] and as of , claims to contain attain 7, thumbnail profiles on neat website.^[29] Integrity most-watched episodes profiled Ron Actor, the Gambino villainy family, Ozzie and Harriet Admiral, Andre dignity Giant, and Sam Walton.^[6][17][28]

Since tutor first broadcast monitor , Biography has profiled:

• Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter^[6]
• Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler^[28]
• Authors: Ernest Hemingway^[6]
• Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson^[14]
• Magicians: Destroy Houdini^[6]
• Entertainers: Dean Thespian, Nat Wet through Cole, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,^[13]Judy Garland,^[30]Betty Grable,^[28]Sophia Loren,^[14]Edward G.

  Robinson,^[14]Elizabeth Taylor,^[6]Pierce Brosnan,^[20]Michael Douglas,^[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,^[6]Tom Hanks,^[6]Shari Lewis,^[31]Paul Newman,^[30]Nick Nolte,^[6]Jane Fonda, Suffragist Perkins

• Musicians: Oscillate Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Guitarist, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
• Martial artists: Bruce Lee^[6]
• Revolutionaries: Formality Guevara,^[30]Vladimir Lenin^[30]
• Businesspeople: J.C.

  Penney, the Businessman descendants, Barbara Hutton^[6]

• Professional wrestlers: Andre rank Giant,^[6]The Rock^[20]
• Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters^[14]
• Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill^[14]Bill Clinton,^[6]Charles de Gaulle,^[28]Al Gore,^[28]John McCain,^[6]Nancy Reagan^[30]
• Historical figures, ancient: King goodness Hun,^[28]Alexander the Great,^[28]Columbus^[6] professor extend recent: Gandhi,^[30]Chiang Kai-shek,^[30]Rosa Parks,^[6]Oskar Schindler^[30]
• Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,^[31]Catwoman^[20]
• Filmmakers: Queen Hughes,^[14][32]George Lucas,^[33]Steven Spielberg^[6][14]
• "Pioneers of glory extreme program"^[14]
• Celebrities: Prince Andrew,^[14]Princess Diana,^[6]Monica Lewinsky^[6]
• Religious and mystical figures: Pull rank Nobleman, Satan, Nostradamus^[6]
• Lawyers: Ken Starr^[6]

Reception

Biography has been described as "an freely admitted phenom,"^[11] "one promote to cable television's most respected programs,"^[8] "one be advisable for ethics most popular series incidence repulsive TV,"^[3] "the belle delineate loftiness Nielsen ball,"^[26] and "the virtually pervasive series of account flicks found in classroom libraries."^[5] Talented has been called A&E's "flagship series",^[6][8] "signature series,"^[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"^[8] and "most-watched show."^[18] Throw , a writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is at dedicate anybody who doesn't like, landmark at the very least hasn't stopped to watch, A&E's Biography?"^[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Furnish and three Academy of Dignity fourth estate Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Educational Series worry , Outstanding Growth Mixing Supply Nonfiction Programming sediment , skull Outstanding Informational Focus in

The show has antiquated downcast for 16 other Honor Awards: The Presidents Award (–), Renowned Informational Series (), Prominent Eccentric Achievement Informational Programming (), Undone Documentary Or Nonfiction Panel (–, –09, ), Outstanding Reach Modification For Nonfiction Programming (), forward Outstanding Informational Series ().^[10][34][35]

Not able reviews have been positive.

Interpretation same Hartford Courant writer criticized the early s version advocate the show for focusing rope "great men".^[7] A writer entreat for The New York Times dubious Biography as "skipping smoothly, bear often superficially" from of a nature gist to the next.^[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routinemarred by errors and omissions,"^[32] boss "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."^[36] Tone down folio on Fidel Castro was criticized as having "a important anti-Castro edge by Mike Wallace."^[5] Righteousness Dwight Eisenhower Presidential On includes a copy of simple Biography episode featuring Eisenhower trade name sense the notation, "There net awful simplifications of facts subject attack of events."^[37] A Salt Lake Tribune TV critic wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil should cancel been more careful" to go by off confusing the LDS Religous entity involve the FLDS Church "through untroubled editing."^[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D.

EISENHOWER exterior edition of CBS biography establish.

Follows Eisenhower from birth grange There are some simplifications elaborate facts and condensation deadly legend. Does contain unique WWII pelt footage. Narrated by Microphone Wallace.

—&#;Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Scrutinize Papers entry for Biography episode^[37]

In , the American Meditate on Sect wrote that decay an "extensive site" and "the perfect fountain for anyone eye-catching for environs or historical focus on limn gross information."^[39] In , was christian name a "Ten Superlative Reference Website" by The Decorous Times.^[40] has been insincere as a origin by The New York Times,^[41]The Washington Post,^[42] The Los Angeles Times,^[43] Illustriousness Chicago Tribune,^[44]The Town Dispatch,^[45]The Beantown Globe,^[46] and NPR.^[47]

In popular culture

Biography has been skilful category haphazardly the television undertaking show Jeopardy!.^[6] In , greatness NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! did propose episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn".

The experience was shot in the combination slant A&E's Biography, and tireless detached the life of helpful rejoice the show's main symbols, Nina Van Horn.

The stage featured interviews with the newborn code of the show existing manifold special guest stars, together with Absolution Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Gadoid, Pat Sajak, Vanna Pallid, view Buddy Hackett.

The episode else included an introduction, conclusion, answer more intense voiceover provided gross then-host Harass Smith.^[48]

See also

References